Biased dA/dT somatic hypermutation as regulated by the heavy chain intronic iEμ enhancer and 3′Eα enhancers in human lymphoblastoid B cells
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Switch recombination and somatic hypermutation are controlled by the heavy chain 3′ enhancer region
Both class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) require transcription and the trans-acting factor activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and must be up-regulated during antigen-dependent differentiation of B lymphocytes. To test the role of the heavy chain 3' enhancers in both CSR and SHM, we used a BAC transgene of the entire heavy chain constant region locus. Using...
متن کاملThe immunoglobulin heavy chain locus hs3b and hs4 3’ enhancers are dispensable for VDJ assembly and somatic hypermutation. Short title: Hypermutation in the absence of hs3b/hs4 enhancers
The more distal enhancers of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3’ regulatory region, hs3b and hs4, were recently demonstrated as master control elements of germline transcription and class switch recombination to most immunoglobulin constant genes. In addition, they were shown to enhance the accumulation of somatic mutations on linked transgenes. Since somatic hypermutation and class switch recomb...
متن کاملTargeting of Somatic Hypermutation by Enhancer and Enhancer-Like Sequences
Somatic hypermutation (SH) generates point mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of activated B cells, providing genetic diversity for the affinity maturation of antibodies. SH requires the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein and transcription of the mutation target sequence, but how the Ig gene specificity of mutations is achieved has remained elusive. We show h...
متن کاملThe immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus hs3b and hs4 3' enhancers are dispensable for VDJ assembly and somatic hypermutation.
The more distal enhancers of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3' regulatory region, hs3b and hs4, were recently demonstrated as master control elements of germline transcription and class switch recombination to most immunoglobulin constant genes. In addition, they were shown to enhance the accumulation of somatic mutations on linked transgenes. Since somatic hypermutation and class switch recomb...
متن کاملSomatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin mu heavy chain transgene
We have analyzed somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain transgene. Hybridomas expressing the transgene were produced from immunized transgenic mice and transgene copies were sequenced to assay for mutation. In two IgM-producing hybridomas, as well as in several IgG-producing hybridomas, mutations were found in the VDJ region of the transgene. In the IgM-producing hybridomas...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Molecular Immunology
سال: 2006
ISSN: 0161-5890
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.10.018